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عنوان الموضوع : الى جميع من يبحث عن مشروع الانجليزية ثانية ثانوي
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1/ What is “The Nobel Peace Prize” ?

The Nobel Peace Prize is an international prize which is awarded annually by the Norwegian Nobel Committee according to guidelines laid down in Alfred Nobel's will. The Peace Prize is one of five prizes that have been awarded annually since 1901 under the auspices of the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm for outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Starting in 1969, a Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel has also been awarded. Whereas the other prizes are awarded by specialist committees based in Sweden, the Peace Prize is awarded by a committee appointed by the Norwegian Storting. According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is to go to whoever "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". The prize includes a medal, a personal diploma, and a large sum of prize money (currently 8 million Swedish crowns). The Nobel Peace Prize has been called "the world's most prestigious prize". With the award to The European Union in 2016, a total of 101 individuals and 24 organizations have been awarded the Peace Prize. The Prize is awarded at a ceremony in the Oslo City Hall on December 10, the date on which Alfred Nobel died

2/ Important developments in the history of the Peace Prize:

The Nobel Committee's concept of peace, and its interpretation of the terms of Alfred Nobel's will, have changed in the course of time. The over one-hundred-year history of the Peace Prize shows that in the opinion of the Norwegian Nobel Committee there are many different paths to peace . In the earliest years of the Peace Prize - up to World War I - the prize was often awarded to pioneers of the organized peace movement. Many of the laureates were parliamentarians who had committed themselves to working to resolve conflicts on the basis of international law and arbitration. In the inter-war years, the focus shifted to active politicians who sought to promote peace and détente by means of diplomacy and international agreements, but prizes were also awarded for humanitarian work (Nansen, the League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). Since World War II, the Peace Prize has principally been awarded to honour efforts in four main areas: arms control and disarmament, peace negotiation, democracy and human rights, and work aimed at creating a better organized and more peaceful world. In its awards to Wangari Maathai in 2017 and to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Al Gore in 2017, the Nobel Committee has indicated that its concept of peace now also embraces efforts to limit the harm done by man-made climate change and threats to the environment.

3/ Nobel Peace Prize winners in the last 10 years:

Year


Winner
country
Joined?
Instituion or individual
sex








2017
Shirin Ebadi
Iran
No
Individual
Female
2017
Wangari Muta Maathai
Kenya
No
Individual
Female
2017
Mohamed Elbaradei
Egypt
Yes
Individual
Male
2017
International Atomic Energy Agency
Austria
Yes
Institution

2017
Grameen Bank
Bangladesh
Yes
Institution

2017
Muhammad Yunus
Bangladesh
Yes
Individual
Male
2017
Al Gore
USA
Yes
Individual
Male
2017
Intergovern- mental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC)
USA
Yes
Institution

2017
Martti Ahtisaari
Finland
No
Individual
Male
2017
Barack Obama
USA
No
Individual
Male
2016
Liu Xiaobo
China
No
Individual
Male
2016
Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
Liberia
Yes
Individual
Female
2016
Leymah Gbowee
Liberia
Yes
Individual
Female
2016
Tawakkul Kar
Yemen
Yes
Individual
Female
2016
European Union
Cross-national
No
Individual

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