<= تعابير لكل وحدة في الانجليزية بكالوريا ادبي

عنوان الموضوع : <= تعابير لكل وحدة في الانجليزية بكالوريا ادبي
مقدم من طرف منتديات العندليب

Slm mes amiis sava j'éspiire..voilà klks paragraphes en Anglais

Ancient Civilizations:

الحضارة المصرية - نهر النيل-

The Gift of the Nile

Like a giant snake, the Nile River slithers through some of the driest desert on earth to isolate a narrow green valley. The Nile was also home to one of the earliest civilizations in history. Today, more than seventy million people live along the banks of the Nile, the world’s longest river. The Nile was also home to one of the earliest civilizations in history.

Ancient Egypt could not have existed without the great river. Every year, the snow in the mountains of East Africa melts, sending a torrent of water that overflows the banks of the Nile. The river picks up bits of soil and plant life called silt. The silt is dropped on the banks of the Nile as the flood recedes, and creates excellent topsoil that provides two or three crops every year. The ancient Greeks spoke with envy when they referred to Egypt as “the Gift of the Nile

الحضارة الإغريقية

The Cradle of Western Civilization

The Acropolis was built in the fifth century BC.The civilization of ancient Greece flowered more than 2500 years ago but it influences the way we live today. Greece is a peninsula in southeastern Europe. The people of the region attempted to explain the world through the laws of nature. They made important discoveries in science. They developed democracy, where people govern themselves rather than being ruled by a king. The Greeks also valued beauty and imagination. They wrote many stories and plays that continue to be performed today. The ancient Greeks developed a great deal of what we take for granted. This is why Greece is often known as the Cradle of Western Civilization

.

The people of ancient Greece could not farm most of their mountainous, rocky land, so they became excellent sailors who traveled to distant lands. The Greeks learned the alphabet from the Phoenicians, a sea faring people from modern day Syria and Lebanon. The mountainous land also meant that it was difficult to invade Greek lands. The Balkan Mountains in the north and the Mediterranean Sea form barriers that made it difficult for outsider to attack
Ancient Greece was not a unified nation, but a collection of poli. Poli is the plural of polis, a word often translated as city, but a polis is much more. When we think of a city, we generally think of a place. A Greek polis consisted of a small walled area that was generally no larger than a few city blocks, the farmland that surrounded it, and most importantly, the people who lived there. Today we think of the people who live in a place as citizens, but to the ancient Greeks the people were as much of the poli as the land or the buildings. The word politics is derived from the Greek polis

.

The poli often developed alliances, called leagues, for protection against other cities and foreign invaders. The poli of ancient Greece were eventually conquered, but their advanced ideas eventually spread across Europe and have influenced the way we live today

.

Each polis was a nation of its own, but the poli of ancient Greece had many things in common. The Greek poli developed independently of one another because they were isolated by rugged mountains or were located on small islands, but the poli spoke a common . The poli were also small and often had to depend on one another to survive. Further, the poli met every year at a great athletic contest known as the Olympics. Poli that were at war would suspend hostilities until after the contests. There is a modern nation known as Greece, but the poli of ancient Greece extended east to land we today know as Turkey

حضارة بلاد مابين النهرين =بلاد وادي الرافدين

Civilization developed slowly in different parts of the world. People began to settle in areas with abundant natural resources. A section of the Middle East is called the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. The Fertile Crescent is a quarter-moon shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf.

Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Greeks later called this area Mesopotamia, which means “between the rivers.”
Many different civilizations developed in this small region. First came the Sumerians, who were replaced
in turn by the Assyrians and the Babylonians. Today this land is known as IraqThe Nile River

الحضارة الرومانية

A New Power Rises

RomanThe earliest empires had been in the east. Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Greece were all home to at least one powerful civilization. a city on the Italian peninsula began acquiring land and building an empire. That city was Rome. For more than one thousand years, Rome controlled the western world.

Rome grew into an empire in part because of how it treated the people it conquered. If a city was defeated by another empire, its citizens were forced from the land if they were lucky, and enslaved if they were not. Initially, the Romans extended the rights of citizenship to the people they conquered. Rome conquered many of its allies by force, but once the new people became citizens, they often joined the Roman army. Rome managed to unify most of the modern nation of Italy by 265BC.

Rome is an ideal place for a city. It is located along the banks of the Tiber River. The river made it easy to travel to and from the sea. The Tiber is very shallow near Rome. A shallow portion of a river is called a ford. The ford made it easier for people to cross the river. Seven hills surround Rome. The hills make it harder for invaders to approach the city and served as lookout areas for the Romans. Rome is also close to excellent farmland and an abundance of wood and stone. Civilizations have grown and prospered in
Rome for thousands of years, which is why Rome is nicknamed “the Eternal City

Ethics in Business:

corruption

Corruption is a dangerous social phenomenon which can undermine the development and well being of a country this is why we must combat it with our might( power ).what would i do if were elected a president ؟

If i were elected a president of this country , i would pass severe laws to punish corrupt people in onder to protect honest citizens from their wrong doings.

More over ,tax evasion should be punished severely as it constitutes a serious threat to the existence of the nation is projects since most of them are dependent on the collection of taxes.

Then , I think that work , being the most valuable richness of the country ,should be rehabilated .If i were elected president .I would do my best to reconcile our countrymen with work .

Last but not least ,I would appoint honest , hard working ,and sincer civil servants who are ready to sacrifice themselves for the welfare of their people.

To conclude,to combat corruption effectively, I would use all

powers.All means,all people of different

parties as soon as possible before it is too late and the

sooner ,the bette

corruption two:

corruption is dangerous and harmful for all society to sum up,the moral values in use in modern societies necessitate from businessmen and companies alike a strict observance of the different precepts on which the efficiency and the

prosperity of the whole community depends

BRIBERY

bribery is the crime of giving or receiving something of value to influence official action.both the person giving and receiving the bribe are guilty of bribery.

bribery is illegal for two reasons:firstly,it usually involves a public official using his or her office for personal gain.secondly,it can cause officials to make unfair decisions that affect citizens.

bribery is a very old crime.there is evidence of bribery dating back more than 4,000 years.usually,a person who bribes a public official is paying to get special treatment.this special treatment can come in many forms.for example,a company might bribe an official to win a government contract.bribing a public official is the most common type of bribery.in the united states,officials convicted of bribery may be fined,removed from office,and sent to prison for up to 20 years.

commercial bribery,the bribery of owners or employees of private companies,is also illegal in many places,but it is less commonly punished.no one knows how often people commit bribery,but many experts believe that most people who bribe officials are never caught.

bribery is most common in some countries or parts of

countries than in others.

many countries have made it illegal to bribe officials from

other countries

Bribery Two

Bribery is a form of corruption. It is the offering and receiving of any item of value; money property or advantage, its aim is to influence the action of any official. This unethical practice has become so widespread that it’s difficult to get rid of it. Therefore, governments must do their best to eradicate it first, a well implemented system of law should be implemented in order to prevent bribery, also, and bribers must be punished severely so that they will become examples for the others. In addition, companies have to sign commitment contracts which they promise not to break the law .fur there more, work of public officials, must be inspected regularly in order to ensure that they don’t receive any bribe. I Think that when regulatory controls are strict, official are afraid of committing such offences. However, when thy feel that no one is controlling their action, they will commit more and more crimes.

To sum up, I would say that no nation will develop or prosper if it doesn’t fight this dangerous phenomenon urgently .also I wish all citizens contributed in this battle so as t o eradicate all forms of corruption

Ethics ;

ethics is principles and moral values.it's also ethics is the set of moral rules that the professionals in any field are expected to respect when they deal either with each other or with the public.in business,ethics represents the attitudes that individuals and firms should comply with in the actions they perform and the decisions they take at every level of their realizations.such a philosophy does not exist everywhere because it needs the existence of important conditions to apply it.

in societies where both political and cultural conditions exist for making everyone obey this practice,the main principles that those engaged in the economic branches should follow

nvolve a good number of the qualities that have always served as the basis for civilization.among them we find the

obligation to be honest and lawful in one's activities

By HAkiiM..droiit au But n'shallah..BAC EN FoRCE

bn chance mes amiis

>>>>> ردود الأعضـــــــــــــــــــاء على الموضوع <<<<<
==================================

>>>> الرد الأول :

merciiiiiiiiiii rabi yehafedak o nchllah rabi yenajahena

=========

>>>> الرد الثاني :

بارك الله فيك اخي و جزاك كل الخير

=========

>>>> الرد الثالث :

thanx brother

=========

>>>> الرد الرابع :

بارك الله فيك أخي الكريم

=========

>>>> الرد الخامس :

thank you very mach

=========

hiiiiiiiiii asma raki hna
ana ibtessem

PA D kOii ,,,D3iiw Berk w NDjiiBOuh iNSHALLAH

بارك الله فيك اخي

بارك الله فيك

BELKACEMi té kABYLE nn?

بااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا اارك الله فيك

جزاك الله الف خير

ربي ينجك انشاء الله

رربي يحفظك جات في وقتها

Comme c chouu! MERCiii

مرسي بارك الله فييييك