فقرات انجليزية ادب وفلسفة
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>>>> الرد الأول :
nta3men fi9rat!!!!!!!!
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>>>> الرد الثاني :
[center]here are some of the written expressions that could be included in this year's baccalaurteat exam
all i need is your prayers and a tiny little thank you
subject n1
prepare a short talk about the following topic
"modern civilisation has kept changing at fast space
A century ago, people were able to live in better conditions than their
parents thanks to the progress made in science and technology. But in
practice, the outcome of this progress was slow to materialise. For
instance, most people still used to travel long distances on foot or by
stage coach. And as mechanisation was not introduced significantly in
daily activities, household chores still had to be done manually, and
were therefore time consuming.
On the other hand, community life was still an asset for social
cohesion, since people had more opportunities to meet and interact. So
they were able to chat with neighbours at shops or in clubs and have a
cup of coffee with friends or relatives and tell stories and jokes.
Likewise, family visits were frequent and kept the folklore alive, with
the grandparents who used to tell traditional tales or sing lullabies or
folk songs to their grandchildren. Unfortunately, with the development
of audiovisual means such as the cinema, radio, television and then
personal appliances like the computer, CD-roms and DVDs, the chances of
socialisation are dwindling and the lack of interaction between people
may increase stress, loneliness and anxiety.
Could we then complain that we are missing out on some ingredients in
life which used to make our great grandparents happier? This is probably
so, since closer contacts among neighbours, friends and families had to
be beneficial for communal harmony. However, scientific progress in all
fields, particularly in medicine, modes of transportation and
communication, and agribusiness can only show that our lives are today
quite fulfilling and, if anything, more comfortable than a century ago.
subject n02
write an essay about the challenges faced by modern civilisation
There are three major threats to our civilisation, which can lead to the
destruction of mankind. We have first nuclear energy, which has been a
constant liability ever since the explosion of atomic bombs in 1945;
there is also pollution, a major cause for concern with the massive and
noxious increase in industrial activities and mechanisation; finally,
climate change constitutes another threat, as an outcome of the first
two mentioned problems.
The escalation of nuclear weaponry since World War Two has exposed
humanity to a nuclear war that would not compare at all with Hiroshima
and Nagasaki, since it could wipe out life on earth many times over. The
Cold War was a period of tension between the two most heavily equipped
nations in terms of nuclear warheads, the USA and the USSR. The Détente
that came after did not suppress all worries, since other countries have
the bomb, and could use it any time.
There are also indirect consequences to owning nuclear energy.
Indeed, a lethal form of pollution can originate from it if accidents in
nuclear power plants occur. But apparently less dangerous forms of
pollution, generated by an ever- increasing industrialisation, can also
cause severe illnesses and deaths. We can think of all the chemicals
dumped by factories underground, or in rivers and seas, or of the
enormous amounts of smoke emitted in the air by factories and vehicles.
All of these are causing all sorts of illnesses in humans and
threatening wildlife.
Apart from these direct consequences, the third threat to our
civilisation, climate change, is directly related to the first two
mentioned. Smoke has resulted in the greenhouse effect, responsible for
the increase in mean temperature in the world. Consequently, the ice
caps in the north and south poles are shrinking, the sea level is
rising, rains have become irregular, hurricanes are more frequent,
monsoons are more destructive, droughts have intensified, and have
reached usually wet parts of the world. Therefore, the danger of famine
is real , and can even lead to dramatic wars over the possession of the
meagre resources remaining. Surely the impending threat of nuclear
warfare, and the lethal chemicals spread in the environment make the
world a dangerous place to live. The tons of smoke sent out in the
atmosphere also constitute a health hazard, and are responsible for
climate change. There are indeed urgent measures to be taken by
governments to make human activities safer if our civilisation is to
survive and thrive.
subject 02
fighting fraud and corruption
Dear fellow citizens,
Corruption is an evil that must be fought now! In order to win this fight I urge all people of good will to unite around me.
If I were elected Head of State, I would implement the following
anti-corruption programme. To begin with, I would appoint dedicated
civil servants who would work honestly for the country: stealing money
or accepting a bribe in exchange for a service is unethical
and illegal. Next, I would pass stringent laws to protect citizens and
punish embezzling and bribe-taking. I cannot tolerate that honest
citizens be the victims of corrupt civil servants.
I would also fight tax evasion and capital flight. Those who earn a lot
of money must pay their taxes and contribute to the development of the
country. Therefore any tax evader would be severely punished by
specially appointed tribunals.
Finally, I would rehabilitate the value of work. Mutual trust is a
moral value that we should teach our children from infancy. A little
money earned honestly brings a lot of happiness and peace of mind.
To conclude, I could tell you, fellow countrymen that your
role as citizens is indispensable to fight corruption. No government
can succeed without the help of civil society. Therefore, I urge you
again to gather around me to win this decisive battle. Vote for honesty !
Vote for me!
subject 03
write an opinion article about counterfeiting disadvantages
Some people argue that counterfeiting benefits consumers by giving them
access to lower-price goods. This is a totally mistaken claim. First,
imitated goods are poor quality and do not last long. There is then no
guarantee of value for money and more importantly, that fake goods are
safe. Imagine how much damage low quality parts fitted in a car can do
to the driver and passengers when they fail!
Secondly, if we think of fake foods or medicines, and the criminal
procedures used by the people who make them, we can only remain firm on
buying genuine products. There are several cases of substitute edibles
which have caused dangerous diseases to people and which have resulted
in long-lasting law suits. The outcomes could only be compensations paid
for irreparable damage but the moral damage caused to the victims can
never be repaired! Recent figures released by the European Union show
that the customs are confiscating 100 million fake items every year.
Thirdly, it is highly immoral to reap where other people have sown.
Pirating products is indeed imitating other people’s property, and
refusing to engage in a creative act. It is much more rewarding to turn
one’s abilities to creating new objects of value that could serve the
community, or improve the performance of existing ones.
Fourthly, pirating objects is by essence theft, especially when the
producer of a fake item affixes the label of a well-known trade mark on
it. Some countries are notorious for their practice of counterfeit
objects. One wouldn’t like Algerians to be known for practising this
dubious trade, as much as one wouldn’t like to see them buy cheap, fake
products and head into unsuspected troubles.
subject 04
write a letter to a friend describing your school
Dear Linda,
Today, I’ll write to you about my school. And the least I can say is that I feel quite happy and comfortable in it.
First, let me mention its old stone building, surrounded by a nice
flower garden. The flowers are carefully arranged, and in spring, they
give off a nice scent when we head for the classes through the garden.
Further back, there are two large courtyards with enough space and
benches to play or relax. There are also big, ancient olive trees near
the walls, where birds perch and nest. We can hear them warble and chirp
all year round.
Let me also describe my classroom. It is large and well decorated, with
old-fashioned brown desks, and posters and pictures all over the walls.
And then, there are those cabinets full of books which smell of old
paper. Actually, I like borrowing a book from to time and dream of all
the adventures and mysteries I read about.
I’ll finally say a few words about my teachers. I’m lucky to have such
good and considerate people around me. They are so keen to see the
students do well. They are always prepared to answer our questions, and
they really want to make sure we understand the hard parts of the
lessons and exercises. I like the way teachers get us involved. They
surely have children of their own at school, which explains why they
understand how we feel.
So if there is one good reason why I like my school, it surely is
because the teaching staff are so caring, and so friendly. I can’t dream
of a better school!
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