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In this section you will find some basic explanation of the the verb tenses in English. I have decided to include this section due to its importance in the English grammar. It is intended to serve as a reference. It is essential to note that not all the tenses are included in this page. Nevertheless, what I have considered the most useful ones(which are in your third year programme) are included. There are also some exercises that can be accessed by clicking on a title in the Index on your left. I hope this page contributes in some way to your process of learning English.
THE PRESENT SIMPLE:is used for:
a/regular actions or events :
He plays tennis most weekends.
The sun rises in the east.
c/facts known about the future ::
We leave at 8.30 next Monday
d/thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking::
I don't feel very well.
THE PRESENT CONTINOUS::The Present Continuous is used for:
a/the time of speaking ('now'):
Sshh, I'm trying to hear what they are saying .
b/things which are true at the moment but not always:
We're looking for a new flat.
c/present plans for the future:
We're having dinner with them next week .
Look at these examples :
1.I don't usually have cereals for breakfast but I'm having some this morning because there is nothing else.
2.I often cycle to work but I'm taking the car this morning because it's raining very hard.
3.I'm thinking about having my hair cut short but I don't think my husband will be very happy about it.
4.My parents live in OURZAZAT but I'm just visiting it.
Note how, in all these examples, we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited in time and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent.
THE SIMPLE PAST:is used :
a/ to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.
b/We use it to talk about a specific point in time.
I saw her in the street yesterday.
He came back last Thursday.
We didn't agree to the deal.
c/We can also use it to talk about a period of time.
We lived in Japan for five years.
She was in London from Monday to Thursday last week.
When he was living in New York, he went to all the bars and clubs he could.
You will often find the past simple used with time expressions such as these:
Yesterday .
three weeks ago
last year
in 2002
from March to June
for a long time
for 6 weeks
in the 1980s
in the last century
in the past , When I was young. When I was at university…
THE PAST CONTINUOUS:is used for:
a/to talk about past events which took place for a period of time.
b/It is used to emphasize the continuing process of an activity or the period of that activity. (If we want to talk about a past event as a simple fact, we use the past simple.)
1.While I was driving home, Richard was trying desperately to phone me.
2.Sorry, were you sleeping?
3.I was just making some tea. Would you like some?
4.I was thinking about her last night.
5.In the 1990s, very few people were using mobile phones.
c/We often use it to describe a "background action" when something else happened.
1.They were still waiting for the plane when I spoke to them.
2.He was talking to me on the phone and it suddenly went dead.
4.She was walking in the street when she suddenly fell over.
5.The company was growing rapidly before he became chairman.
6.We were just talking about it before you arrived.
7.I was having a cup of coffee when I remembered I was supposed to be in a meeting!
Interrupted Actions:
When + past simple, past continuous .
As / While + past continuous + past simple . ( when is sometimes used )
THE PRESENT PERFECT Simple:is used :
a/when we want to look back from the present to the past.
We can use it to look back on the recent past.
1.I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
2.They have cancelled the meeting.
3.She's taken my book. I don't have one.
b/When we look back on the recent past, we often use the words 'just' 'already' or the word 'yet' (in negatives and questions only).
1.We've already talked about that.
2.She hasn't arrived yet.
3.I've just done it.
4.have you spoken to him yet?
5.She's done this type of project many times before.
c/When we look back on the more distant past, we often use the words 'ever' (in questions) and 'never'.
1.Has he ever talked to you about the problem?
2.I've never met a famous singer.
d/ We use it with expressions such as : recently, lately , up to now , so far , yet , never , ever … ..
THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE:is used to:
a.to talk about what happened before a point in the past. It looks back from a point in the past to a time further in the past.
1.She had already spoken to him before I had time to give him my version.
2.I checked with our customers but they still hadn't received the delivery.
3.I hadn't known the bad news when I saw him.
4.The company had started the year very well but was hit badly by the strikes.
b/It is often used when we report what people had said/thought/believed.
1.He phoned me to say that they had already paid the bill.
2.She said she thought John had moved to Italy.
3.I thought we had already decided on somewhere for our holidays.
- Before / By the time/ ever (since) / When + past simple , past perfect simple .
- After/ As soon as / when / Once + past perfect simple , past simple .
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (FOR FUTURE):is used :
a/When we talk about things that we have already arranged to do in the future.
In these examples, we are talking about regular actions or events.
1.I've got my ticket. I'm leaving on Thursday.
2.I'm seeing a movie at 5 and then I'm having dinner with a colleague.
b/In many situations when we talk about future plans we can use either the present continuous or the 'going to' future. However, when we use the present continuous, there is more of a suggestion that an arrangement has already been made.
1.I'm going to see him./I'm seeing him.
2.I'm going to do it./I'm doing it.
c/We use the present simple to talk about events in the future which are 'ti****bled'. We can also use the present continuous to talk about these.
1.My plane is leaving at 6 in the morning.
2.The shop opens at 9.30.
3.The sun is rising at 6.32 tomorrow.
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