عنوان الموضوع : english للسنة 2 ثانوي
مقدم من طرف منتديات العندليب

stp khawti li 3ando li projet nta3 lenglais y7atouli 3la coservation of resources in algeria w ykoun fih l passive voice


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>>>> الرد الأول :

wa9ila rana ga3 7asslin fih

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>>>> الرد الثاني :

me to I want it

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>>>> الرد الثالث :

With a surface area of over 2.38 million square kilometers, Algeria is the largest country in the Mediterranean Basin and the second largest in Africa after Sudan. The northern part of the country enjoys a Mediterranean climate with forest, maquis and garigue vegetation types. Some relict, cold and temperate montane forest also survives. To the south, hot, dry desert climates dominate.

Some 90% of Algeria’s 33 million citizens live in the northern part of the country, near to the coast. In contrast, the vast desert expanses of the south are sparsely inhabited by some 1.5 million nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists. In both north and south, overuse and abuse of natural resources, combined with the negative effects of poaching and habitat loss, have resulted in widespread wildlife endangerment and extinction, particularly of the country’s antelopes and larger carnivores.

To stop the squandering of its natural resources, Algeria promulgated its first Hunting and Environment Protection laws in 1982-83. These were followed by various decrees and government orders establishing lists of protected animals and plants, and the creation of new protected areas. In 2003, in the context of sustainable development, a new law was passed for Environment Protection. In addition, a new Hunting Law was passed in 2004.

In spite of the strong legislative framework strictly prohibiting the exploitation of protected wildlife, a lack of enforcement capacity to control hunting and poaching has led to the critical endangerment of Saharan gazelles and antelopes, three of which, the scimitar-horned oryx, the addax and the dama gazelle, have already been lost.

As part of its commitment to conserve Saharan antelopes and other wildlife, Algeria ratified the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) in 2005. In 2006, a Presidential Order strengthened measures against poachers and illegal hunters. Algeria has also ratified the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, the CITES Convention, the Ramsar Convention, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Under the impetus of its Minister of the Environment, Algeria is also actively working within the framework of the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD). The Minister, M. Chérif Rahmani, was also instrumental in setting up the World Deserts Foundation in 2002.

Algeria is officially endowed with 11 national parks. Eight of these fall under the remit of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. One, the Djebel Aïssa National Park, was gazetted by the Ministry of Land Settlement and Environment. The two remaining protected areas, both in the central Sahara, the Ahaggar (450,000 km²) (pictured above) and Tassili (80,000 km²) National Parks, are critically important for the conservation and restoration of Saharan ungulates and large carnivores like the cheetah and leopard. Both parks fall under the remit of the Ministry of Culture.

In the Great Western and Eastern Ergs, where protected areas have yet to be established, the country’s last remaining populations of slender-horned gazelle are on the brink of extinction. Habitat destruction and poaching in the High Plateaus and Tellian and Saharan Atlases are also threatening the Cuvier’s gazelle. To remedy the situation, the Direction Générale des Forêts is actively implementing a GEF/UNDP-funded project for the sustainable development and use of biodiversity in the Mergueb Nature Reserve and Taghit National Park. Protected areas like these can play a significant role in the conservation of Algeria’s Cuvier’s, slender-horned and dorcas gazelles, as well as its vulnerable populations of Barbary sheep and houbara bustard.

In March 2005, the Sahelo-Saharan Interest Group (SSIG) carried out a wildlife survey in the Ahaggar National Park in collaboration with the park’s authorities. With a focus on wild ungulates and cheetahs, SSIG experts helped train local staff and scientists from the University of Bejaïa and the Agence Nationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (ANN). An Algerian scientist also participated in a training course in Conservation Biology and Wildlife Management held in Namibia (2004) with support from the Smithsonian Institution, The Living Desert, SSIG and the Cheetah Conservation Fund. Further missions have been carried out in both the great Eastern and Western Ergs, with strong support from the Smithsonian Institution. Copies of Technical Reports can be downloaded from the SCF Resources page.

With a view to increasing cooperation between SCF and Algeria, an MOU with the Direction Générale des Forêts was signed in January, 2007. In December of the same year, an MOU was only signed in Algiers with the World Deserts Foundation. These create a strong framework for cooperation on a broad range of conservation and capacity-building issues.

هذا هو الي لقيتو

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>>>> الرد الرابع :

merciiiiiiiiiiiiii

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>>>> الرد الخامس :


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