عنوان الموضوع : ادخلووووووووووووو بسرعة عاجلللللللل جدااا سنة 2 ثانوي
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انا اريد منكم يا اعضااااااااااااء هذا المنتدي ان تساعدووووووووووني ولا تخيبوووو املي اريييييييييييييد منكم بحث بالغة الانجليزية حول جائزة نوبل للسلام الثانية ثانوي بليييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييييز








هيا تفاعلللللللللللللللللللللللللللللللووووووووووووووو وووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووووو


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>>>> الرد الأول :

Nobel Peace Prize




What is the Nobel Prize?

The Nobel Prize is the brainchild of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist who was best known in his life time for his invention of dynamite. Up on his death in 1896, a reading of his will revealed stipulations that over 90% of his estate should be used to establish prizes in five categories: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace.

Many Wonder why Nobel established the Nobel Prize. It has often been assumed that he sought to make restitution for creating dynamite.
Nobel did catch a glimpse of a French obituary for himself when his brother died and a French newspaper thought Nobel had died. Among other colorful terms, the newspapers called Alfred Nobel a “merchant of death.” Thus the restitution to reward the positive aspects of the world remains the popular theory on the establishment of the Nobel Prize.
Alfred Nobel died in 1896. The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1901.
Nobel stipulated exactly how the prizes should be determined, and what bodies should be responsible for selecting and awarding prizes.
According to Nobel’s will, the Swedish Academy of Science was to award a yearly Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry. The Caroline Institute at Stockholm would award the Nobel Prize for medicine. The Academy of Stockholm would determine the Nobel Prize for literature. Five members selected by the Norwegian government select the recipient of the annual Peace Prize. The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the other Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. Each award was to be given without regard to nationality, and was meant to represent the best and brightest contributors to each field.




What is the Nobel Peace Prize?

The Nobel Peace Prize is an award presented to either an individual or an organization in accordance with Alfred Nobel’s living will. Alfred Nobel, creator of the five Nobel Prizes, was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. He disposed the Nobel Peace Prize in his will to be awarded to “the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." The Nobel Peace Prize differs from the Nobel Prizes in literature, physics, chemistry, and medicine or physiology in that it may be presented not only to individuals, but also to organizations that are actively engaged in a process or effort that intends to promote world peace. The prize can be awarded for current efforts, rather than for having accomplished a goal or resolved an issue.

Having been awarded since 1901, the Nobel Peace Prize is considered a very astute recognition, but some past nominees and recipients have created controversy. Adolf Hitler was nominated in 1939, but the nomination was retracted.



List of Nobel Peace Prize Winners (1998-2009)


2009 Barack Obama
2008 Martti Ahtisaari
2007 Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
2006 Muhammad Yunus
2005 Mohamed Elbaradei + International Atomic Energy Agency
2004 Wangari Maathai
2003 Shirin Ebadi
2002 Jimmy Carter
2001 United Nations, Kofi Annan
2000 Kim Dae-jung
1999 Médecins Sans Frontières
1998 John Hume, David Trimble
2009 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples
Background
• Born: August 4, 1961
• Place of birth: Hawaii, United States
• Nationality: United States
• Biographical highlights:
o 1983 Graduates from Columbia University, Political Science, BA
o 1991 Graduates from Harvard Law School, Juris Doctor (J.D.)
o 1992 Marries Michelle Obama
o 1997-2004 Illinois State Senator
o 2005-2008 U.S. Senator
o 2008 Elected 44th President of the United States
o 2009 Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
MARTTI AHTISAARI

2008 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts.
Background
• Born: June 23, 1937
• Place of birth: Viipuri, Finland
• Nationality: Finland
• Biographical highlights:
o 1965 Joined the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland in its Bureau for International Development Aid
o 1968 Married Eeva Irmeli Hyvarinen
o 1973-1977 Finland's ambassador to Tanzania, Zambia, Somalia and Mozambique
o 1977-1981 United Nations Commissioner for Namibia
o 1984-1986 Under-Secretary of State in charge of International Development Cooperation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland
o 1987-1991 United Nations' Under-Secretary-General for Administration and Management
o 1989 UN Special Representative heading the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)
o 1989 Received OR Tambo award for "his outstanding achievement as a diplomat and commitment to the cause of freedom in Africa and peace in the world"
o 1994-2000 President of Finland
o 2000 Founded Crisis Management Initiative, an independent, non-profit organisation that innovatively promotes and works for sustainable security
o 2000 Inspector of the IRA's arms' dumps
o 2003-2005 UN Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa
o 2005 Facilitated the peace process between the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement in 2005
o 2005-2008 Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for the future status process for Kosovo (UNOSEK)
o 2008 Recipient of the UNESCO Felix Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize
o 2008 Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
born 23 June 1937)
is a former President of Finland (1994–2000), 2008 Nobel Peace Prize
winner and United Nations diplomat and mediator, noted for his
international peace work.
Ahtisaari was a UN Special Envoy at the Kosovo status process
negotiations, aimed at resolving a long-running dispute in Kosovo,
which declared its independence from Serbia in 2008. In October 2008 he
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for his important efforts, on
several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve
international conflicts"
uth and early career
Martti Ahtisaari
was born in Viipuri, Finland (now Vyborg, Russia).
His father, Oiva Ahtisaari (whose grandfather Julius Marenius Adolfsen
had emigrated with his parents to Finland in 1872 from Tistedalen in
southern Norway) took Finnish citizenship in 1929 and changed his
surname from Adolfsen in 1937. The Continuation War took Martti's
father to the front as a non-commissioned officer army mechanic, while
his mother, Tyyne, moved to Kuopio with her son to escape immediate
danger from the war.[3] Kuopio was where Ahtisaari spent most of his
childhood and first attended school "Kuopion Lyseo".
In 1952, Martti Ahtisaari moved to Oulu with his family to seek
employment. There he continued his education in a well-known high
school "Oulun Lyseo" (among its former students are two other
presidents of Finland: Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg and Kyösti Kallio) and
graduated in 1952. He also joined the local YMCA. After completing his
military service (Ahtisaari holds the rank of captain in the Finnish
Army Reserve), he began to study through a distance-learning course at
Oulu teachers' college. There he was able to live at home while
attending the two-year course which enabled him to qualify as a
primary-school teacher in 1959. Besides his native ********, Finnish,
Ahtisaari speaks Swedish, French, English, and German.
In 1960, he moved to Karachi, Pakistan, to lead the YMCA's physical
education training establishment, where he became accustomed to a more
international environment. As well as managing the students' home,
Ahtisaari's job involved training teachers, which suited him well. He
returned to Finland in 1963 and attended Helsinki University of
Technology. He became active in non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
responsible for aid to developing countries, and joined the
international students' organization AIESEC. In 1965, he joined the
Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland in its Bureau for International
Development Aid, eventually becoming the assistant head of the
department. In 1968, he married Eeva Irmeli Hyvärinen (1936– ). The
couple have one son, Marko Ahtisaari, a noted
musician and producer
Abdelaziz Bouteflika

(IPA: [abdəlazɪz butəflika]) (Arabic: (born March 2, 1937 in Oujda, Morocco) has been the President of Algeria since 1999
Saïd serves as Abdelaziz Bouteflika's personal physician, and is said
by some to be an important figure in Bouteflika's inner circle of
advisers.
statements of their achievements
We hope that up on perusal of our letter, you will consider supporting
peace and reconciliation in Algeria through nominating President
Bouteflika for the Nobel Peace Prize 2008 for his out standing role as a
peace-maker since he was elected to the Presidency of the Republic in
1999.
He thus saved the country from destruction and spared not only Algeria,
but Africa and Mediterranean Basin countries from the scourge of
terrorism.
Petition:
We therefore express our proposal moving the following:
• Convinced of the need to continue this process of resolving
differences through dialogue and of the necessity to consolidate peace
among Algerians after a serious crisis.which claimed the lives of some
of the best of the country's citizens.
• Also convinced that President Abdelaziz Bouteflika has contributed to maintaining peace in Algeria and in other countries.
• Recognizing in particular his commitment to end the bloody conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.
• Further recognizing that President Bouteflika's pragmatism and
diplomatic strategy helped put an end to a long war between Iraq and
Iran.
• Sharing his vision as a man of peace and as an experienced diplomat
who consolidated socio-economic and political relations between African
countries and the European Union in support of sustainable development.
• Welcoming President Bouteflika's political choices, and strategic
sense which have led Algeria to national reconciliation, to a return to
peace and stability, to the strengthening of the rule of law and to
democratic practice, as well as an open economic and investment policy
and to sound management of public funds.

• Believing that for these outstanding initiatives and the courage
their implementation had required, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika
deserves to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

• Therefore invites the Nobel Peace Prize Committee to consider
awarding this prize to His Excellency Abdelaziz Bouteflika as an
enlightened peace-maker in his country and abroad.
Sign the petition
The Bouteflika Nobel Peace Prize 2008 petition to Peace was written by bouteflika and is hosted free of charge at GoPetition
written The justification for my nominees
I think that President Abdelaziz Bouteflika is well-deserved Nobel
Peace Prize given to put the draft peace and national interest and
backed by support for peace in this country
In addition to seeking to spread peace and security within countries
and spread brotherhood among Algerians and the peace treaties with
other countries, especially countries of the Maghreb
And the success of this project is a proof of its success and entitlement to the well-deserved award
So I hope to win the Nobel Peace Prize for 2009
I think that the Arab peace initiative and UN will Win Nobel Peace Prize for the next year.
The Arab Peace Initiative:
The Arab Peace Initiative is a comprehensive peace initiative first proposed in 2002at the Beirut Summit of the Arab League by then-Crown Prince, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, andre-endorsed at the Riyadh Summit in 2007.
I've chosen it, because it had asked Israel toreconsider its policies and tend to him declaring that just peace is itsstrategic option.
TheUnited Nations Organization:
The UnitedNations Organization (UNO) or simply the United Nations (UN) is an international organization who sestated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, internationalsecurity, economicdevelopment, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and toprovide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizationsto carry out its missions.
I've chosen it, because it has organized aseries of talks between Moroccoand the Frente Polisario to resolve the dispute over Western Sahara and find a solution to this issue.If these organizations obtained the Nobel Peace Prize will redouble itsefforts to maintain world peace.

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>>>> الرد الثاني :

صحيت بزاف خويا الله يحفضك

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>>>> الرد الثالث :

السلام عليكم.
احتاج مواضيع للادب العربي و الادب الجزائري بالانجليزية ............. arabic and algerian literature اذا امكن ....... وشكرا

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>>>> الرد الرابع :


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>>>> الرد الخامس :


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