عنوان الموضوع : اريد مساعدة في اللغة الانجلزية ساعدوني متخلونيش حاصلة للسنة 2 ثانوي
مقدم من طرف منتديات العندليب

ana 5asni fa9ra 3ela
warite a short paragraphe about what women can do in wars


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>>>> الرد الأول :

?Should Britain ever put women on war's frontline

ACCORDING to at least one military expert, this is a watershed moment. Following a decision by the US Defence Secretary Leon Panetta, women are to be allowed to assume combat roles in the American army, overturning a 1994 ban. It means that hundreds of thousands of frontline positions and elite commando jobs could be opened up to them.

And the question is: will the British armed forces follow the US lead? Significantly, America’s move has already provoked a mixed response.
One who has spoken out against the decision is Elaine Donnelly from the US Center for Military Readiness, who called the move “unfortunate” and cited British reviews into the matter.
“The UK looked at this same issue some years ago and decided this was not a good idea, in 2002 and 2008. Thirty years of studies, reports and actual experience have shown that in direct ground combat units, the infantry, women do not have an equal opportunity to survive or to help fellow soldiers to survive. The physical aspects of it are only part of the reason.”
The MoD says that the last time the issue was reviewed was in 2010 when it concluded there would be no change to the existing policy, which is to bar women from close-combat roles on the ground. It insists there are “no plans for a further immediate review”.
As it stands around nine per cent of the British armed forces are women. In the Army, 67 per cent of all jobs are open to females, compared with 96 per cent in the RAF and 71 per cent in the Royal Navy. But opportunities are continuing to open up. In 2011 women were allowed to serve on submarines for the first time and have been heavily involved in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, serving as pilots, military police and intelligence officers.
The MoD is at pains to stress their importance, declaring: “T
The MoD is at pains to stress their importance, declaring: “They are fundamental to the operational effectiveness of the UK’s armed forces, bringing talent and skills across the board.”
Few people doubt it and despite the MoD’s protestations many believe it is only a matter of time before close combat roles are opened up to them.
“Given the way in which over the last 20 years the British armed forces have matched themselves against their allies rather than against the enemy, I think America’s move will prompt a rethink over here,” says Sir Hew Strachan, a brigadier general and military historian.
“Australia’s already done it and there are two things that have made it more pressing over the past 10 years.
“First, the character of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan has meant that women who have been in non-combat roles, in intelligence or bomb disposal for instance, have already found themselves directly in dangerous positions.
The notion that somehow there is a frontline into which you put men and a rear area where women can serve is no longer true in these sorts of wars
Women are already in the frontline.”The second issue, says Strachan, is that one of the key objections to women serving in combat (that male soldiers may rush to their aid irrespective of the situation) has proved groundless.
“Women have already been killed and wounded but soldiers continue to act like soldiers. They do their job and gender is not relevant here,” he says.
“The big issue is whether women can physically do the same things as men. Infantry soldiers are now required to carry an enormous amount of kit in hostile climates and terrain. Certainly, some women would not be fit enough to do it, even if the jobs were opened up to them. But if these women were physically fit enough, I don’t see why they shouldn’t be allowed to do the job.”
Colonel Mike Dewar is rather more reticent and believes the move would result in a “sub-optimal infantry”.
The idea’s absurd,” he argues. “No thinking person could possibly deny that physiological differences between male and female mean that the female of the species would not be as capable an infantryman on the battlefield.
“An eight-stone female can’t carry a 15-stone man which, if he’s wounded, she would need to. It’s not only that. If you put a bunch of men and a bunch of women over an assault course, as they do at Sandhurst, all the women come last. It is not politically incorrect or sexist to say so. It’s not about equality, either. This is not the work place, this is the battlefield and there are certain realities you have to face.”
HE adds: “If the Americans wish to downgrade the capability of their infantry by having a lot of women in then that’s their decision.
I’m sure they will serve very bravely on the frontline. Women in the British armed forces have already proved supremely capable and courageous, whether as Apache pilots or medical orderlies or logisticians. Witness the gallantry awards for females in Iraq and Afghanistan. But this is not a question of bravery. It is rather about having the best possible combat soldiers to win on the battlefield and minimise casualties on your own side. To do that in 99 cases out of a 100 you need to recruit men. It is as simple as that.”
Major-General Julian Thompson, who commanded British land forces in the Falklands, agrees that women’s physical strength is the crucial issue.
“It’s got nothing to do with men not wanting to serve alongside women or being more protective towards women,” he explains.
“I do not question the mental attitude or capability of women on the frontline or in the military in general either but they should not be combatants in the infantry.”
Those women who have already held high positions in the armed forces – including RAF pilot Jules Fleming, who has flown Tornados in Afghanistan, and Commander Sarah West who last year became the first woman in history to command a Royal Navy warship – might beg to differ. Brigadier Nicky Moffat, who was the highest-ranking woman in the British Army until she tendered her resignation last year after 26 years of service, says she has regularly fought for equality throughout her career. Meanwhile Alex Corbet Burcher, who served as a captain in the Welsh Guards and saw three tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, believes that women should be given the same chances as men in all roles in the Army.
“It wouldn’t be an issue for me,” he says. “If I was on patrol and got stuck and was about to get killed I really wouldn’t care whether it was a woman or man who helped me. When you’re on tour you’re judged on what you bring to the party, not by your gender. It’s all about what you contribute and women have already shown their strengths.
“I think that the Army will always remain male dominated because the whole environment taps into the natural male instinct to go out and fight,” says Burcher, who left the Army in 2011 and now has a role in Kate Bigelow’s new film Zero Dark Thirty, about the hunt for Osama Bin Laden.
“But if you asked me, could a woman stand there, throw a grenade into a room and bayonet a man in the chest, then I’d say, yes of course she could.”
On that score, retired major David Pinder, who served in Bosnia and Germany, agrees. “The mission of the infantry is to kill the enemy, not clear them out or take them prisoner but to kill them and I don’t for a moment buy into the thinking that women can’t do the job because they are all nurturing.
The most ruthless killer I ever met was a 21-year-old medical student in Sarajevo, a female sniper.”
As for the situation in America it is not quite a done deal. The military has until 2016 to argue that certain posts should remain closed to women.
“The US decision is more headline grabbing than meaningful,” argues Colonel Mike Dewar.
“We will need to wait and see

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>>>> الرد الثاني :

أقرايه أفهميه مليح و هزي واش حتجتي أوكي ختي بالتوفيق لكي

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>>>> الرد الثالث :

صحيتي اختي ربي يحفظك بصح انا خاصني فقرة قصيرة حول ما يمكن ان تفعله المرأة في الحرب

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>>>> الرد الرابع :

ربي يحفضك اختي على المساعدة بصح مفهمتينيش قلتنى فقرة قصيرة على واش كانت تدير المرأة في الحروب بصفة عامة

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>>>> الرد الخامس :

أسفة أختي
وهدي لي مديتهالك مافيهاش المعلومات لي تساعدك ؟

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During the twentieth century, women of the whole world became indispensable in the war efforts. In many countries the need for female participation in the First World War was seen as almost necessary, as unprecedented numbers of men were wounded and killed. In the Second World War, the need for women arose again. Whether it was on the home front or the front-lines, for civilian or enlisted women, the World Wars started a new era for women's opportunities to contribute in war and be recognized for efforts outside of the home.